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General MIDI (also known as GM or GM 1) is a standardized specification for electronic musical instruments that respond to MIDI messages. Sound fonts names that include _GM, like FluidR3_GM.sf2, adhere to this standard.

MIDI uses the term channel to signify the identity of a device on its network. Similarly the term program, represents the voice requested on a particular channel. General Midi reserves channel 10 for extended percussion voices. All other channels are required to obey the non-percussion voicings for General Midi Instruments.

Piano | Chromatic Percussion | Organ
Guitar | Bass | Strings | Ensemble | Brass
Reed | Pipe | Synth Lead | Synth Pad | Synth Effects
Ethnic | Percussive | Sound Effects | Percussion

wikipedia

Piano

Program Voice Aliases
1 Acoustic Grand Piano piano, piano0
2 Bright Acoustic Piano piano1
3 Electric Grand Piano piano2
4 Honky-tonk Piano piano3
5 Electric Piano 1 epiano, epiano0
6 Electric Piano 2 epiano1
7 Harpsichord harps
8 Clavinet clav

Chromatic Percussion

Program Voice Aliases
9 Celesta
10 Glockenspiel glock
11 Music Box musicbox, mbox
12 Vibraphone vibes
13 Marimba marimba
14 Xylophone xylophone
15 Tubular Bells tubular
16 Dulcimer dulcimer

Organ

Program Voice Aliases
17 Drawbar Organ organ, organ0
18 Percussive Organ organ1
19 Rock Organ organ2
20 Church Organ organ3
21 Reed Organ organ4
22 Accordion accordion, accordion0
23 Harmonica harmonica
24 Tango Accordion accordion1

Guitar

Program Voice Aliases
25 Acoustic Guitar (nylon) guitar, guitar0
26 Acoustic Guitar (steel) guitar1
27 Electric Guitar (jazz) guitar2
28 Electric Guitar (clean) guitar3
29 Electric Guitar (muted) guitar4
30 Overdriven Guitar guitar5
31 Distortion Guitar guitar6
32 Guitar Harmonics guitar7

Bass

Program Voice Aliases
33 Acoustic Bass bass, abass, bass0
34 Electric Bass (finger) ebass, bass1
35 Electric Bass (pick) bass2
36 Fretless Bass bass3
37 Slap Bass 1 bass4
38 Slap Bass 2 bass5
39 Synth Bass 1 bass6
40 Synth Bass 2 bass7

Strings

Program Voice Aliases
41 Violin violin
42 Viola viola
43 Cello cello
44 Contrabass contrabass
45 Tremolo Strings strings, strings0
46 Pizzicato Strings strings1
47 Orchestral Harp harp
48 Timpani timpani

Ensemble

Program Voice Aliases
49 String Ensemble 1 strings2
50 String Ensemble 2 strings3
51 Synth Strings 1 strings4
52 Synth Strings 2 strings5
53 Choir Aahs aah
54 Voice Oohs ooh
55 Synth Voice voice, voice0
56 Orchestra Hit ohit

Brass

Program Voice Aliases
57 Trumpet trumpet, trumpet0
58 Trombone trombone
59 Tuba tuba
60 Muted Trumpet trumpet1
61 French Horn frenchhorn, horn
62 Brass Section brass, brass0
63 Synth Brass 1 brass1
64 Synth Brass 2 brass2

Reed

Program Voice Aliases
65 Soprano Sax sopranosax, sax0
66 Alto Sax altosax, sax1
67 Tenor Sax tenorsax, sax2
68 Baritone Sax baritonesax, sax3
69 Oboe oboe
70 English Horn englishhorn, ehorn
71 Bassoon bassoon
72 Clarinet clarinet

Pipe

Program Voice Aliases
73 Piccolo piccolo, flute1
74 Flute flute, flute0
75 Recorder recorder
76 Pan Flute panflute, flute2
77 Blown bottle bottle, flute3
78 Shakuhachi shakuhachi, flute4
79 Whistle whistle, flute5
80 Ocarina ocarina

Synth Lead

Program Voice Aliases
81 Lead 1 (square) square, synthlead1
82 Lead 2 (sawtooth) saw, sawtooth, synthlead2
83 Lead 3 (calliope) synthlead3
84 Lead 4 (chiff) synthlead4
85 Lead 5 (charang) synthlead5
86 Lead 6 (voice) synthlead6, voice1
87 Lead 7 (fifths) synthlead7, fifths
88 Lead 8 (bass + lead) synthlead8

Synth Pad

Program Voice Aliases
89 Pad 1 (new age) pad1
90 Pad 2 (warm) pad2
91 Pad 3 (polysynth) pad3
92 Pad 4 (choir) pad4, choir, voices
93 Pad 5 (bowed) pad5
94 Pad 6 (metallic) pad6
95 Pad 7 (halo) pad7
96 Pad 8 (sweep) pad8

Synth Effects

Program Voice Aliases
97 FX 1 (rain) fx1
98 FX 2 (soundtrack) fx2
99 FX 3 (crystal) fx3
100 FX 4 (atmosphere) fx4
101 FX 5 (brightness) fx5
102 FX 6 (goblins) fx6
103 FX 7 (echoes) fx7
104 FX 8 (sci-fi) fx8

Ethnic

Program Voice Aliases
105 Sitar sitar
106 Banjo banjo
107 Shamisen shamisen
108 Koto koto
109 Kalimba kalimba
110 Bag pipe bagpipe
111 Fiddle fiddle
112 Shanai shanai

Percussive

Program Voice Aliases
113 Tinkle Bell tinkle, bell
114 Agogô agogo
115 Steel Drums steeldrums
116 Woodblock woodblock
117 Taiko Drum taiko
118 Melodic Tom tom
119 Synth Drum synthdrum
120 Reverse Cymbal reversecymbol

Sound Effects

Program Voice Aliases
121 Guitar Fret Noise fx11, frets
122 Breath Noise fx12, breath
123 Seashore fx13, sea, ocean
124 Bird Tweet fx14, bird, tweet
125 Telephone Ring fx15, phone, ring
126 Helicopter fx16, heli
127 Applause fx17, applause
128 Gunshot fx18, gun, gunshot

Percussion

These voices are associated with note numbers of MIDI channel 10. Some programmable systems (eg tidal/strudel) employ 0-indexed channels. In those cases, the percussion channel will be found on channel 9. In the table below, MIDI note numbers are 0-127.

Voice ref Note abc MIDI
Snare Roll sr0, sn2, sd0 C#1 ^C,,, 25
Finger Snap fs0 D1 D,,, 26
High Q hq0 D#1 ^D,,, 27
Slap sl0, cp2 E1 E,,, 28
Scratch Push sc0 F1 F,,, 29
Scratch Pull sc1 F#1 ^F,,, 30
Sticks rim1 G G,,, 31
Square Click ck0 G#1 ^G,,, 32
Metronome Click ck1 A A,,, 33
Metronome Bell bell2 A#1 ^A,,, 34
Acoustic Bass Drum bd1 B B,,, 35
Electric Bass Drum (Kick) bd0 C2 C,, 36
Side Stick rim0 C#2 ^C,, 37
Acoustic Snare sn1, sd1 D2 D,, 38
Hand Clap cp0 D#2 ^D,, 39
Electric Snare sn0, sd0 E2 E,, 40
Low Floor Tom lt0 F2 F,, 41
Closed Hi-hat hh1 F#2 ^F,, 42
High Floor Tom ht0 G2 G,, 43
Pedal Hi-hat hh2 G#2 ^G,, 44
Low Tom lt1 A2 A,, 45
Open Hi-hat hh0, oh0 A#2 ^A,, 46
Low-Mid Tom mt0 B2 B,, 47
Hi-Mid Tom mt1 C3 C, 48
Crash Cymbal 1 cr0 C#3 ^C, 49
High Tom ht1 D D, 50
Ride Cymbal 1 rd0 D#3 ^D, 51
Chinese Cymbal sp1 E3 E, 52
Ride Bell bell0 F3 F, 53
Tambourine tb0 F#3 ^F, 54
Splash Cymbal sp0 G3 G, 55
Cowbell cb0 G#3 ^G, 56
Crash Cymbal 2 cr1 A3 A, 57
Vibra Slap vs0 A#3 ^A, 58
Ride Cymbal 2 rd1 B3 B, 59
High Bongo bongo1 C4 C 60
Low Bongo bongo0 C#4 ^C 61
Mute High Conga conga2 D4 D 62
Open High Conga conga1 D#4 ^D 63
Low Conga conga0 E4 E 64
High Timbale timbale1 F4 F 65
Low Timbale timbale0 F#4 ^F 66
High Agogô agogo1 G4 G 67
Low Agogô agogo2 G#4 ^G 68
Cabasa cabasa0 A4 A 69
Maracas maracas0 A#4 ^A 70
Short Whistle wh0 B4 B 71
Long Whistle wh1 C5 c 72
Short Guiro guiro0 C#5 ^c 73
Long Guiro guiro1 D5 d 74
Claves claves0 D#5 ^d 75
High Woodblock wb0 E6 e 76
Low Woodblock wb1 F6 f 77
Mute Cuica cuica1 F#6 ^f 78
Open Cuica cuica0 G6 g 79
Mute Triangle tri1 G#6 ^g 80
Open Triangle tri0 A6 a 81
Shaker sh0 A#6 ^a 82
Jingle Bell bell1 B6 b 83
Belltree bell4 C7 c' 84
Castanets cast0 C#7 ^c' 85
Mute Surdo surdo1 D7 d' 86
Open Surdo surdo0 D#7 ^d' 87
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